Legal notice
This website is for patient education. It does not establish a physician–patient relationship and does not replace clinical examination or individualized medical advice.
Outcomes of any surgical or interventional procedure may vary from person to person. Please seek a detailed consultation with your physician before any procedure.
Educational schematic. Some structures may be simplified or emphasized for clarity; not an exact anatomical depiction.
Images and copyright
All images on this site (including educational/3D illustrations, photographs, and diagrams) are © Cengiz Dibekoğlu. They may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, modified, or used for commercial or educational purposes without prior written permission.
© Cengiz Dibekoğlu — illustrative; not for unauthorized use
Medical editor: Assoc. Prof. Cengiz Dibekoğlu, MD · Content reviewed for the English introduction pages.