Liver Disease — Variceal Bleeding

• How it presents+−

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  Sudden bloody vomit, black tarry stools, dizziness, low blood pressure. Known cirrhosis raises suspicion.

  • Bloody or coffee-ground vomit
  • Melena
  • Dizziness / collapse
• In the emergency department+−

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  IV access, resuscitation, vasoactive drugs, antibiotics when indicated, and urgent upper GI endoscopy with band ligation or sclerotherapy.

• Prevention before bleeding+−

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  Surveillance endoscopy in cirrhosis; beta-blockers or prophylactic banding for high-risk varices.

• Recurrent or refractory bleeding+−

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  TIPS or transplant evaluation may be discussed when endoscopic control fails.

More chapters in this hub

• Liver Cysts

  Simple vs complex cysts — when observation is enough

• Hydatid Cyst

  Echinococcosis — albendazole, PAIR, and surgery

• Liver Disease Diagnosis

  How clinicians confirm the problem and stage the next steps

• Liver Tumors

  Tumors — explained for shared decision-making

• Colorectal liver metastases

  When colon or rectal cancer has spread to the liver

• Liver Disease Treatment

  How treatment options are matched to risk, stage, and goals

• Fatty Liver Disease

  NAFLD, NASH, and metabolic risk

• Viral Hepatitis

  Hepatitis B and C — chronic care

• Liver Abscess

  Fever, drainage, and antibiotics

• FNH and Adenoma

  Benign solid liver lesions

• Liver Hemangioma

  Common benign vascular tumor

• Cirrhosis

  Chronic injury and complications